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Understanding the Different Types of MS

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 150,000 people in the UK. It’s a lifelong condition that impacts the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of symptoms like fatigue, vision problems, and difficulty walking. But not everyone experiences MS in the same way. That’s because there are different types of MS.

We believe in providing care that meets each person’s individual needs. To do this, we start with understanding the type of MS someone is living with. Here, we’ll explain the different types of MS, how they affect people, and how the right care can make life more manageable.

So, What Is MS?

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune condition, which means the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. In this case, the protective layer (called myelin) around nerve fibres in the central nervous system. This causes inflammation and damage, which slows or blocks the messages between the brain and body.

The symptoms of MS vary depending on where the damage occurs. These might include:

Fatigue
Muscle weakness or stiffness
Balance and coordination problems
Bladder and bowel issues
Vision changes
Numbness or tingling
Memory and thinking difficulties

Over time, these symptoms may come and go, get worse, or remain stable, depending on the type of MS.

The Four Main Types of MS

1. Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)

This is the most common form of MS, affecting around 85% of people when they’re first diagnosed. In RRMS, symptoms appear during flare-ups or “relapses”, then improve during “remission” periods. During remission, some symptoms may completely disappear, while others may linger. These periods of remission can last for weeks, months, or even years.

Carers can help by recognising early signs of relapse, assisting with rest and recovery, and making adjustments during flare-ups to support mobility and comfort. Managing stress and fatigue is also key.

2. Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS)

Over time, many people with relapsing-remitting MS will transition into secondary progressive MS. In SPMS, symptoms gradually worsen, and periods of remission become less frequent. The change from RRMS to SPMS can be subtle. Some people may not notice the shift at first, but over time, daily life and simple tasks can become more difficult.

A carer can help by offering steady, long-term support and adjusting routines as the person’s needs change. This might include mobility aids, personal care, and emotional reassurance.

3. Primary Progressive MS (PPMS)

About 10–15% of people with MS are diagnosed with primary progressive MS. From the start, symptoms gradually get worse without clear relapses or remissions. PPMS usually affects mobility first, such as walking or leg strength, and progresses steadily. Unlike RRMS, it doesn’t come in waves.

Carers can provide practical help with movement, bathing, dressing, and household tasks. Emotional support is also important, as the lack of “good days” can be hard to accept.

4. Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)

CIS is a one-time episode of MS-like symptoms caused by inflammation in the central nervous system. Now, not everyone with CIS goes on to develop full MS, but if brain scans show damage similar to that found in MS, there’s a higher risk of a future diagnosis.

Even if MS isn’t confirmed, the experience can still be distressing. A carer or support worker can help with recovery and offer companionship during a difficult and uncertain time.

The Importance of Personalised Care

MS is different for everyone. Two people with the same type of MS can experience it in entirely different ways. That’s why personalised care is so important.

Our live-in carers take the time to understand each person’s situation, routines, and preferences. Regardless of whether someone is dealing with sudden relapses, gradual progression, or a recent diagnosis, we tailor our support to fit their life, not the other way around.

How We Can Help

Our trained carers and companions provide:

24/7 personalised support with mobility, medication, and daily tasks
Help managing fatigue, including pacing and rest schedules
Companionship to reduce isolation and lift spirits
Encouragement with exercise and therapy, if part of the care plan
Peace of mind for family members, knowing their loved one is in safe hands

MS can feel overwhelming at times, but no one should face it alone. With good support, it’s possible to live a fulfilling life with dignity and independence.

If you or a loved one is living with MS and needs support at home, Eximius Support is here to help. Get in touch to find out how our tailored live-in care can provide comfort, safety, and peace of mind.